一、场景与环境
最近需要写一下前后端分离下的登录解决方案,目前大多数都采用请求头携带 Token 的形式
1、我是名小白web工作者,每天都为自己的将来担心不已。第一次记录日常开发中的过程,如有表达不当,还请一笑而过;
2、本实例开发环境前端采用 angular框架,后端采用 springboot框架;
3、实现的目的如下:
"color: #ff0000">二、后端实现逻辑
注:部分代码参考网上各个大神的资料
整个服务端项目结构如下(登录token拦截只是在此工程下的一部分,文章结尾会贴上工程地址):
1、新增AccessToken 类 model
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/** * @param access_token token字段; * @param token_type token类型字段; * @param expires_in token 有效期字段; */ public class AccessToken { private String access_token; private String token_type; private long expires_in; public String getAccess_token() { return access_token; } public void setAccess_token(String access_token) { this.access_token = access_token; } public String getToken_type() { return token_type; } public void setToken_type(String token_type) { this.token_type = token_type; } public long getExpires_in() { return expires_in; } public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) { this.expires_in = expires_in; } }
2、新增Audience 类 model
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "audience") public class Audience { private String clientId; private String base64Secret; private String name; private int expiresSecond; public String getClientId() { return clientId; } public void setClientId(String clientId) { this.clientId = clientId; } public String getBase64Secret() { return base64Secret; } public void setBase64Secret(String base64Secret) { this.base64Secret = base64Secret; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getExpiresSecond() { return expiresSecond; } public void setExpiresSecond(int expiresSecond) { this.expiresSecond = expiresSecond; } }
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "audience")获取配置文件的信息(application.properties),如下:
server.port=8888 spring.profiles.active=dev server.servlet.context-path=/movies audience.clientId=098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6 audience.base64Secret=MDk4ZjZiY2Q0NjIxZDM3M2NhZGU0ZTgzMjYyN2I0ZjY= audience.name=xxx audience.expiresSecond=1800
配置文件定义了端口号、根路径和audience相关字段的信息,(audience也是根据网上资料命名的),audience的功能主要在第一次登录时,生成有效token,然后将token的信息存入上述AccessToken类model中,方便登录成功后校验前端携带的token信息是否正确。
3、生成以jwt包的CreateTokenUtils 工具类
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<dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.6.0</version> </dependency>
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public class CreateTokenUtils { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateTokenUtils.class); /** * * @param request * @return s; * @throws Exception */ public static ReturnModel checkJWT(HttpServletRequest request,String base64Secret)throws Exception{ Boolean b = null; String auth = request.getHeader("Authorization"); if((auth != null) && (auth.length() > 4)){ String HeadStr = auth.substring(0,3).toLowerCase(); if(HeadStr.compareTo("mso") == 0){ auth = auth.substring(4,auth.length()); logger.info("claims:"+parseJWT(auth,base64Secret)); Claims claims = parseJWT(auth,base64Secret); b = claims==null"getUserInfoByRequest:"+ auth); return new ReturnModel(-1,b); } return new ReturnModel(0,b); } public static Claims parseJWT(String jsonWebToken, String base64Security){ try { Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(base64Security)) .parseClaimsJws(jsonWebToken).getBody(); return claims; } catch(Exception ex) { return null; } } public static String createJWT(String name,String audience, String issuer, long TTLMillis, String base64Security) { SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256; long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); Date now = new Date(nowMillis); byte[] apiKeySecretBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(base64Security); Key signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(apiKeySecretBytes, signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName()); JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder().setHeaderParam("typ", "JWT") .claim("unique_name", name) .setIssuer(issuer) .setAudience(audience) .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, signingKey); if (TTLMillis >= 0) { long expMillis = nowMillis + TTLMillis; Date exp = new Date(expMillis); builder.setExpiration(exp).setNotBefore(now); } return builder.compact(); } }
此工具类有三个 静态方法:
"color: #800000">注:Claims对象直接会将token的有效期进行判断是否过期,所以不需要再另写相关时间比对逻辑,前端的带来的时间与后台的配置文件audience的audience.expiresSecond=1800 Claims对象会直接解析
4、拦截器的实现HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler类的实现
在typesHandlers文件夹中新建HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler类,代码如下:
@WebFilter(filterName = "basicFilter",urlPatterns = "/*") public class HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler implements Filter { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPBasicAuthorizeHandler.class); private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/person/exsit"))); @Autowired private Audience audience; @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { logger.info("filter is init"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { logger.info("filter is start"); try { logger.info("audience:"+audience.getBase64Secret()); HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", ""); logger.info("url:"+path); Boolean allowedPath = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path); if(allowedPath){ filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); }else { ReturnModel returnModel = CreateTokenUtils.checkJWT((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest,audience.getBase64Secret()); if(returnModel.getCode() == 0){ filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); }else { // response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8"); // response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED); // ReturnModel rm = new ReturnModel(); // response.getWriter().print(rm); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void destroy() { logger.info("filter is destroy"); } }
此类继承Filter类,所以重写的三个方法init、doFitler、destory,重点拦截的功能在doFitler方法中:
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private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/person/exsit")));
这里面的我的登录接口路径是“/person/exsit”,所以在将前端请求路径分解:
String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", "");
两者进行如下比对:
Boolean allowedPath = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path);
根据allowedPath 的值进行判断是否拦截;
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ReturnModel returnModel = CreateTokenUtils.checkJWT((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest,audience.getBase64Secret());
ReturnModel 是我定义的返回类型结构,在model文件下;
原因前端angular实现的拦截器和后端会冲突,导致前端代码异常,后面会详细说明。
直接在拦截类上添加注释的方法,urlPatterns是你过滤的路径,还需在服务启动的地方配置
注:这里面过滤的路径不包括配置文件的根路径,比如说前端访问接口路径“/movies/people/exist”,这里面的movies是根路径,在配置文件中配置,如果你想拦截这个路径,则urlPatterns=”/people/exist“即可。
5、登录类的实现
在controller文件夹中新建PersonController类,代码如下
/** * Created by jdj on 2018/4/23. */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/person") public class PersonController { private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonController.class); @Autowired private PersonBll personBll; @Autowired private Audience audience; /** * @content:根据id对应的person * @param id=1; * @return returnModel */ @RequestMapping(value = "/exsit",method = RequestMethod.POST) public ReturnModel exsit( @RequestParam(value = "userName") String userName, @RequestParam(value = "passWord") String passWord ){ String md5PassWord = Md5Utils.getMD5(passWord); String id = personBll.getPersonExist(userName,md5PassWord); if(id == null||id.length()<0){ return new ReturnModel(-1,null); }else { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); Person person = personBll.getPerson(id); map.put("person",person); String accessToken = CreateTokenUtils .createJWT(userName,audience.getClientId(), audience.getName(),audience.getExpiresSecond() * 1000, audience.getBase64Secret()); AccessToken accessTokenEntity = new AccessToken(); accessTokenEntity.setAccess_token(accessToken); accessTokenEntity.setExpires_in(audience.getExpiresSecond()); accessTokenEntity.setToken_type("bearer"); map.put("accessToken",accessTokenEntity); return new ReturnModel(0,map); } } /** * @content:list * @param null; * @return returnModel */ @RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET) public ReturnModel list(){ List<Person> list = personBll.selectAll(); if(list.size()==0){ return new ReturnModel(-1,null); }else { return new ReturnModel(0,list); } } @RequestMapping(value = "/item",method = RequestMethod.GET) public ReturnModel getItem( @RequestParam(value = "id") String id ){ Person person = personBll.getPerson(id); if(person != null){ return new ReturnModel(0,person); }else { return new ReturnModel(-1,"无此用户"); } } }
前端调用这个类的接口路径:“/movies/people/exist”
首先它会查询数据库
String id = personBll.getPersonExist(userName,md5PassWord);
如果查询存在,创建accessToken
String accessToken = CreateTokenUtils .createJWT(userName,audience.getClientId(), audience.getName(),audience.getExpiresSecond() * 1000, audience.getBase64Secret());
最后整合返回到前端model
AccessToken accessTokenEntity = new AccessToken(); accessTokenEntity.setAccess_token(accessToken); accessTokenEntity.setExpires_in(audience.getExpiresSecond()); accessTokenEntity.setToken_type("bearer"); map.put("accessToken",accessTokenEntity); return new ReturnModel(0,map);
这个controller类中还有两个接口供前端登陆成功后调用。
以上都是服务端的实现逻辑,接下来说明前端的实现逻辑,我本身是前端小码农,后端只是大多是不会的,如有错误,请一笑而过哈~_~哈
三、前端实现逻辑
前端使用angular框架,目录如下
上述app文件下common 存一些共同组建(分页、弹框)、component存一些整体布局框架、
page是各个页面组件,service是请求接口聚集地,shared是表单自定义校验;所以这里面都有相关的angular2+表单校验、http请求、分页、angular动画等各种实现逻辑。
1、前端http请求(确切的说httpClient请求)
所有的请求都在service文件夹service.service.ts文件中,代码如下:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; import { HttpClient,HttpHeaders } from "@angular/common/http"; import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable'; import 'rxjs/add/operator/map'; import 'rxjs/add/observable/forkJoin'; @Injectable() export class ServiceService { movies:string; httpOptions:Object; constructor(public http:HttpClient) { this.movies = "/movies"; this.httpOptions = { headers:new HttpHeaders({ 'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8', }), } } /**登录模块开始*/ loginMovies(body){ const url = this.movies+"/person/exsit"; const param = 'userName='+body.userName+"&passWord="+body.password; return this.http.post(url,param,this.httpOptions); } /**登录模块结束*/ //首页; getPersonItem(param){ const url = this.movies+"/person/item"; return this.http.get(url,{params:param}); } //个人中心 getPersonList(){ const url = this.movies+"/person/list"; return this.http.get(url); /**首页模块结束 */ }
上述有三个请求与后端personController类中三个接口方法一一对应,这里面的请求方式官网有,这里不做赘述,this.httpOptions是设置请求头。然后再app.modules.ts中添加到provides,所谓的依赖注入,这样就可以在各个页面调用servcie方法了
providers: [ServiceService,httpInterceptorProviders]
httpInterceptorProviders 是前端拦截器,前端每次请求结果都会出现成功或者错误,所以在拦截器中统一处理返回结果使代码更简洁。
2、前端拦截器的实现
在app文件在新建InterceptorService.ts文件,代码如下:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; import { HttpEvent,HttpInterceptor,HttpHandler,HttpRequest,HttpResponse} from "@angular/common/http"; import {Observable} from "rxjs/Observable"; import { ErrorObservable } from 'rxjs/observable/ErrorObservable'; import { mergeMap } from 'rxjs/operators'; import {Router} from '@angular/router'; @Injectable() export class InterceptorService implements HttpInterceptor{ constructor( private router:Router, ){ } authorization:string = ""; authReq:any; intercept(req:HttpRequest<any>,next:HttpHandler):Observable<HttpEvent<any{ this.authorization = "mso " + localStorage.getItem("accessToken"); if (req.url.indexOf('/person/exsit') === -1) { this.authReq = req.clone({ url:req.url, headers:req.headers.set("Authorization",this.authorization) }); }else{ this.authReq = req.clone({ url:req.url, }); } return next.handle(this.authReq).pipe(mergeMap((event:any) => { if(event instanceof HttpResponse && event.body === null){ return this.handleData(event); } return Observable.create(observer => observer.next(event)); })); } private handleData(event: HttpResponse<any>): Observable<any> { // 业务处理:一些通用操作 switch (event.status) { case 200: if (event instanceof HttpResponse) { const body: any = event.body; if (body === null) { this.backForLoginOut(); } } break; case 401: // 未登录状态码 this.backForLoginOut(); break; case 404: case 500: break; default: return ErrorObservable.create(event); } } private backForLoginOut(){ if(localStorage.getItem("accessToken") !== null || localStorage.getItem("person")!== null){ localStorage.removeItem("accessToken"); localStorage.removeItem("person"); } if(localStorage.getItem("accessToken") === null && localStorage.getItem("person") === null){ this.router.navigateByUrl('/login'); } } }
拦截器的实现官网也详细说明了,但是拦截器有几大坑:
"@angular/http"包http,那么拦截器无效,你可能需要另一种写法了,angular4、5、6都是采用import { HttpClient,HttpHeaders } from "@angular/common/http"
包下HttpClient和请求头HttpHeaders ;
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return next.handle(this.authReq).pipe(mergeMap((event:any) => { if(event instanceof HttpResponse && event.body === null){ return this.handleData(event); } return Observable.create(observer => observer.next(event)); }));
打断点查看这个方法一次请求会循环两次,第一次event:{type:0}
,第二次才会返回对象,截图如下:
第一次
第二次
但是如果以我上述后端拦截器token无效的情况处理代码(就是我注释的那段代码,我注释的代码重点的作用是返回401,可以回看),这个逻辑只循环一次,所以我将后端代码返回token无效的代码注释,前端拦截器在后端代码注释的情况下第二次返回的event结果体存在event.body=== null
,以这个条件进行token是否有效判断;
点击登录会先到前端拦截器,然后直接跳到else
接着到后端服务拦截器
过滤登陆接口,直接跳到登陆接口,创建token值并返回
观察返回的map值
最后返回前端界面
上面的返回结果与后端对应,登录成功后,再请求其他页面会携带token值
以上就是关于前后端分离登录校验,还有一步没有完成,就是token更新时间有效期,等抽时间再补充,上述代码后端用idea编辑器,后端服务搭建会涉及到很多配置。
上面实现的代码github地址如下:github.com/yuelinghuny… (本地下载)
麻烦各位给我点个赞,第一次写记录文档,我会坚持写下去,会坚信越来越好,谢谢。
总结:
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对的支持。
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