在当今网页设计/开发实践中,使用CSS来为语义化的(X)HTML标记添加样式风格是重要的关键。在设计师们的梦想中都存在着这样的一个完美世界:所有的浏览器都能够理解和适用多有CSS规则,并且呈现相同的视觉效果(没有兼容性问题)。但是,我们并没有生活在这个完美的世界,现实中发生的失窃却总是恰恰相反,很多CSS样式在不同的浏览器中有着不同的解释和呈现。
当今流行的浏览器(如:Firefox、Opera、Internet Explorer、Chrome、Safari等等)中,有一些都是以自己的方式去理解CSS规范,这就会导致有的浏览器对CSS的解释与设计师的CSS定义初衷相冲突,使得网页的样子在某些浏览器下能正确按照设计师的想法显示,但有些浏览器却并没有按照设计师想要的样子显示出来,这就导致浏览器的兼容性问题。更糟的是,有的浏览器完全无视CSS的一些声明和属性。
正因为上述冲突和问题依然存在于这个”不完美的世界”,所以一些设计师想到了一种避免浏览器兼容性问题的方法,那就是CSS Reset,什么是CSS Reset?我们可以把它叫做CSS重设,也有人叫做CSS复位、默认CSS、CSS重置等。CSS重设就是由于各种浏览器解释CSS样式的初始值有所不同,导致设计师在没有定义某个CSS属性时,不同的浏览器会按照自己的默认值来为没有定义的样式赋值,所以我们要先定义好一些CSS样式,来让所有浏览器都按照同样的规则解释CSS,这样就能避免发生这种问题。
一.最简化的CSS Reset(重设) :
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
这是最普遍最简单的CSS重设,将所有元素的padding和margin值都设为0,可以避免一些浏览器在理解这两个属性默认值上的”分歧”。
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- border: 0;
- }
这是在上一个重设的基础上添加了对border属性的重设,初始值为0的确能避免一些问题。
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- outline: 0;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- border: 0;
- }
在前两个的基础上添加了outline属性的重设,防止一些冲突。
二.浓缩实用型CSS Reset(重设):
- * {
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- font-weight: inherit;
- font-family: inherit;
- font-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- outline: 0;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- border: 0;
- }
该CSS重设方法出自Perishable Press,这是他常用的方法。
三.Poor Man 的CSS Reset:
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- html {
- font-size:1em;
- }
- body {
- font-size:100%;
- }
- a img, :link img, :visited img {
- border:0px;
- }
这个重设方法将html和body下元素的padding和margin都设为0,并分别为html标签和body标签下的所有元素设置了初始的字体大小,最重要的是把有链接的图片的默认边框去掉了。
四.Siolon’s Global Reset
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- font-family: inherit;
- fo
- nt-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- border: none;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- body {
- padding: 5px;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl {
- margin: 20px 0;
- }
- li, dd, blockquote {
- margin-left: 40px;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
五.Shaun Inman’s Global Reset
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, fieldset, input, p, blockquote, table, th, td, embed, object {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- fieldset, img, abbr {
- border: 0;
- }
- address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em,
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, strong, th, var {
- font-weight: normal;
- font-style: normal;
- }
- ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- caption, th {
- text-align: left;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
- font-size: 1.0em;
- }
- q:before, q:after {
- content: ”;
- }
- a, ins {
- text-decoration: none;
- }
六.Yahoo(YUI) CSS Reset:
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,
- form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,td {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- fieldset,img {
- border: 0;
- }
- address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {
- font-weight: normal;
- font-style: normal;
- }
- ol,ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- caption,th {
- text-align: left;
- }
- h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
- font-weight: normal;
- font-size: 100%;
- }
- q:before,q:after {
- content:”;
- }
- abbr,acronym {
- border: 0;
- }
七.Eric Meyer’s CSS Reset
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, table, caption,
- tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins,
- kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr,
- acronym, address, big, cite, code, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
- fieldset, form, label, legend {
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- font-family: inherit;
- font-weight: inherit;
- font-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- outline: 0;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- border: 0;
- }
- :focus {
- outline: 0;
- }
- body {
- background: white;
- line-height: 1;
- color: black;
- }
- ol, ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: separate;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- caption, th, td {
- font-weight: normal;
- text-align: left;
- }
- blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after {
- content: “”;
- }
- blockquote, q {
- quotes: “” “”;
- }
八.Condensed Meyer Reset:
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
- pre, form, fieldset, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td {
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- fieldset, img {
- border: 0;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- ol, ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, strong, th, var {
- font-weight: normal;
- font-style: normal;
- }
- caption, th {
- text-align: left;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
- font-weight: normal;
- font-size: 100%;
- }
- q:before, q:after {
- content: ”;
- }
- abbr, acronym {
- border: 0;
- }
九.Ateneu Popular CSS Reset
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3,
- h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym,
- address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins,
- kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt,
- var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend,
- table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: 0;
- outline: 0;
- font-weight: inherit;
- font-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- }
- :focus {
- outline: 0;
- }
- a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active{
- text-decoration:none
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: separate;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- th, td {
- text-align: left;
- font-weight: normal;
- }
- img, iframe {
- border: none;
- text-decoration:none;
- }
- ol, ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- input, textarea, select, button {
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- }
- select {
- margin: inherit;
- }
- hr {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: 0;
- color: #000;
- background-color: #000;
- height: 1px
- }
十.Chris Poteet’s Reset CSS
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- font-family: inherit;
- font-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- border: none;
- padding: 0;
- margin: 0;
- }
- body {
- padding: 5px;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl {
- margin: 20px 0;
- }
- li, dd, blockquote {
- margin-left: 40px;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
十一.Tantek Celik Reset CSS
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- :link,:visited { text-decoration:none }
- ul,ol { list-style:none }
- h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,code { font-size:1em; }
- ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,body,html,p,blockquote,fieldset,input
- { margin:0; padding:0 }
- a img,:link img,:visited img { border:none }
- address { font-style:normal }
十二.Christian Montoya Reset CSS
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body, form, fieldset {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- font: 100%/120% Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre,
- blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address {
- margin: 1em 0;
- padding: 0;
- }
- li, dd, blockquote {
- margin-left: 1em;
- }
- form label {
- cursor: pointer;
- }
- fieldset {
- border: none;
- }
- input, select, textarea {
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- }
十三.Rudeworks Reset CSS
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- * {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: none;
- }
- html {
- font: 62.5% “Lucida Grande”, Lucida, Verdana, sans-serif;
- text-shadow: #000 0px 0px 0px;
- }
- ul {
- list-style: none;
- list-style-type: none;
- }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre,
- blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address {
- font-weight: normal;
- margin: 0 0 1em 0;
- }
- cite, em, dfn {
- font-style: italic;
- }
- sup {
- position: relative;
- bottombottom: 0.3em;
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- }
- sub {
- position: relative;
- bottombottom: -0.2em;
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- }
- li, dd, blockquote {
- margin-left: 1em;
- }
- code, kbd, samp, pre, tt, var, input[type='text'], textarea {
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: monaco, “Lucida Console”, courier, mono-space;
- }
- del {
- text-decoration: line-through;
- }
- ins, dfn {
- border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
- }
- small, sup, sub {
- font-size: 85%;
- }
- abbr, acronym {
- text-transform: uppercase;
- font-size: 85%;
- letter-spacing: .1em;
- border-bottom-style: dotted;
- border-bottom-width: 1px;
- }
- a abbr, a acronym {
- border: none;
- }
- sup {
- vertical-align: super;
- }
- sub {
- vertical-align: sub;
- }
- h1 {
- font-size: 2em;
- }
- h2 {
- font-size: 1.8em;
- }
- h3 {
- font-size: 1.6em;
- }
- h4 {
- font-size: 1.4em;
- }
- h5 {
- font-size: 1.2em;
- }
- h6 {
- font-size: 1em;
- }
- a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active {
- outline: 0;
- text-decoration: none;
- }
- a img {
- border: none;
- text-decoration: none;
- }
- img {
- border: none;
- text-decoration: none;
- }
- label, button {
- cursor: pointer;
- }
- input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus {
- background-color: #FFF;
- }
- fieldset {
- border: none;
- }
- .clear {
- clear: both;
- }
- .float-left {
- float: left;
- }
- .float-rightright {
- float: rightright;
- }
- body {
- text-align: center;
- }
- #wrapper {
- margin: 0 auto;
- text-align: left;
- }
十四. Anieto2K Reset CSS
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p,
- blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big,
- cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img,
- ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike,
- strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
- fieldset, form, label, legend,
- table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
- center, u, b, i {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: 0;
- outline: 0;
- font-weight: normal;
- font-style: normal;
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline
- }
- body {
- line-height: 1
- }
- :focus {
- outline: 0
- }
- ol, ul {
- list-style: none
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: collapse;
- border-spacing: 0
- }
- blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after {
- content: “”
- }
- blockquote, q {
- quotes: “” “”
- }
- input, textarea {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0
- }
- hr {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: 0;
- color: #000;
- background-color: #000;
- height: 1px
- }
十五.CSSLab CSS Reset
CSS Code复制内容到剪贴板- html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3,
- h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address,
- big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
- small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
- fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot,
- thead, tr, th, td {
- margin: 0;
- padding: 0;
- border: 0;
- outline: 0;
- font-weight: inherit;
- font-style: inherit;
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- vertical-align: baselinebaseline;
- }
- :focus {
- outline: 0;
- }
- table {
- border-collapse: separate;
- border-spacing: 0;
- }
- caption, th, td {
- text-align: left;
- font-weight: normal;
- }
- a img, iframe {
- border: none;
- }
- ol, ul {
- list-style: none;
- }
- input, textarea, select, button {
- font-size: 100%;
- font-family: inherit;
- }
- select {
- margin: inherit;
- }
- /* Fixes incorrect placement of numbers in ol’s in IE6/7 */
- ol { margin-left:2em; }
- /* == clearfix == */
- .clearfix:after {
- content: “.”;
- display: block;
- height: 0;
- clear: both;
- visibility: hidden;
- }
- .clearfix {display: inline-block;}
- * html .clearfix {height: 1%;}
- .clearfix {display: block;}
好了,CSS重设目前先总结到这里,这15套重设方法其实都是有共同点的,也许有的实现方法不同,但大部分都是同一个目的,就是为了让更多的浏览器能显示同样的效果。有了这些CSS重设作为资料和参考,也许会对你的工作有所帮助甚至提高效率,但是,毕竟这些重设都是别人写的,你完全也可以为自己量身定制一套CSS重设。
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