CREATE TABLE `TEST_TB_GRADE` (
 `ID` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `USER_NAME` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
 `COURSE` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
 `SCORE` float DEFAULT '0',
 PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

insert into TEST_TB_GRADE(USER_NAME, COURSE, SCORE) values
("张三", "数学", 34),
("张三", "语文", 58),
("张三", "英语", 58),
("李四", "数学", 45),
("李四", "语文", 87),
("李四", "英语", 45),
("王五", "数学", 76),
("王五", "语文", 34),
("王五", "英语", 89);

SELECT user_name ,
  MAX(CASE course WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 数学,
  MAX(CASE course WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 语文,
  MAX(CASE course WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 英语
FROM test_tb_grade
GROUP BY USER_NAME;

CREATE TABLE `TEST_TB_GRADE2` (
 `ID` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `USER_NAME` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
 `CN_SCORE` float DEFAULT NULL,
 `MATH_SCORE` float DEFAULT NULL,
 `EN_SCORE` float DEFAULT '0',
 PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

insert into TEST_TB_GRADE2(USER_NAME, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE) values
("张三", 34, 58, 58),
("李四", 45, 87, 45),
("王五", 76, 34, 89);

select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
order by user_name,COURSE;