Position是prototype中定义的一个对象，提供了操作DOM中与位置相关的方法，要很好的理解元素在页面中的位置，可以参考这篇文章：Relatively Absolute

具体代码如下，按照代码说说，其中英文是作者的注释，中文红色的才是偶的说明或翻译英文的注释，采用顶式注释法(注释在要说明的代码的上面)说明

  // set to true if needed, warning: firefox performance problems
  // NOT neeeded for page scrolling, only if draggable contained in
  // scrollable elements
  //只有在使用拖动的时候元素包含在有滚动条的元素中才需要设置为true
  includeScrollOffsets: false,

  // must be called before calling withinIncludingScrolloffset, every time the
  // page is scrolled
  //当页面被scrolled后，使用withinIncludingScrolloffset的时候需要先调用这个方法
  prepare: function() {
    //横向滚动条滚动的距离
    this.deltaX =  window.pageXOffset
                || document.documentElement.scrollLeft
                || document.body.scrollLeft
                || 0;
    //纵向滚动条滚动的距离
    this.deltaY =  window.pageYOffset
                || document.documentElement.scrollTop
                || document.body.scrollTop
                || 0;
  },

//元素由于滚动条偏移的总距离 
realOffset: function(element) {
    var valueT = 0, valueL = 0;
    do {
      valueT += element.scrollTop  || 0;
      valueL += element.scrollLeft || 0;
      element = element.parentNode;
    } while (element);
    return [valueL, valueT];
  },

//元素在页面中由offsetParent累积的offset，当offsetParent都没有滚动条时，就是元素在页面中的位置
cumulativeOffset: function(element) {
    var valueT = 0, valueL = 0;
    do {
      valueT += element.offsetTop  || 0;
      valueL += element.offsetLeft || 0;
      element = element.offsetParent;
    } while (element);
    return [valueL, valueT];
  },

//元素相对于containing block("nearest positioned ancestor")的位置，也就是相对于最近的一个position设置为relative或者absolute的祖先节点的位置，如果没有就是相对于body的位置，跟style.top，style.left一样？
positionedOffset: function(element) {
    var valueT = 0, valueL = 0;
    do {
      valueT += element.offsetTop  || 0;
      valueL += element.offsetLeft || 0;
      element = element.offsetParent;
      if (element) {
        if(element.tagName=='BODY') break;
        var p = Element.getStyle(element, 'position');
        if (p == 'relative' || p == 'absolute') break;
      }
    } while (element);
    return [valueL, valueT];
  },

  //offsetParent
  offsetParent: function(element) {
    if (element.offsetParent) return element.offsetParent;
    if (element == document.body) return element;

    while ((element = element.parentNode) && element != document.body)
      if (Element.getStyle(element, 'position') != 'static')
        return element;

    return document.body;
  },

  // caches x/y coordinate pair to use with overlap
  //判断指定的位置是否在元素内
  within: function(element, x, y) {
    if (this.includeScrollOffsets)
      return this.withinIncludingScrolloffsets(element, x, y);
    this.xcomp = x;
    this.ycomp = y;
    this.offset = this.cumulativeOffset(element);

    return (y >= this.offset[1] &&
            y <  this.offset[1] + element.offsetHeight &&
            x >= this.offset[0] &&
            x <  this.offset[0] + element.offsetWidth);
  },

//跟within差不多，不过考虑到滚动条，也许是在元素上面，但不是直接在上面，因为滚动条也许已经使元素不可见了 
withinIncludingScrolloffsets: function(element, x, y) {
    var offsetcache = this.realOffset(element);

    this.xcomp = x + offsetcache[0] - this.deltaX;
    this.ycomp = y + offsetcache[1] - this.deltaY;
    this.offset = this.cumulativeOffset(element);

    return (this.ycomp >= this.offset[1] &&
            this.ycomp <  this.offset[1] + element.offsetHeight &&
            this.xcomp >= this.offset[0] &&
            this.xcomp <  this.offset[0] + element.offsetWidth);
  },

  // within must be called directly before
  //在调用这个方法前，必须先调用within，返回在with指定的位置在水平或者垂直方向上占用的百分比
  overlap: function(mode, element) { 
    if (!mode) return 0; 
    if (mode == 'vertical')
      return ((this.offset[1] + element.offsetHeight) - this.ycomp) /
        element.offsetHeight;
    if (mode == 'horizontal')
      return ((this.offset[0] + element.offsetWidth) - this.xcomp) /
        element.offsetWidth;
  },

//返回元素相对页面的真实位置 
page: function(forElement) {
    var valueT = 0, valueL = 0;

    var element = forElement;
    do {
      valueT += element.offsetTop  || 0;
      valueL += element.offsetLeft || 0;

      // Safari fix
      if (element.offsetParent==document.body)
        if (Element.getStyle(element,'position')=='absolute') break;

    } while (element = element.offsetParent);

    element = forElement;
    do {
      if (!window.opera || element.tagName=='BODY') {
        valueT -= element.scrollTop  || 0;
        valueL -= element.scrollLeft || 0;
      }
    } while (element = element.parentNode);

    return [valueL, valueT];
  },

//设置target为source的位置，大小 
clone: function(source, target) {
    var options = Object.extend({
      setLeft:    true,
      setTop:     true,
      setWidth:   true,
      setHeight:  true,
      offsetTop:  0,
      offsetLeft: 0
    }, arguments[2] || {})

    // find page position of source
    source = $(source);
    var p = Position.page(source);

    // find coordinate system to use
    target = $(target);
    var delta = [0, 0];
    var parent = null;
    // delta [0,0] will do fine with position: fixed elements,
    // position:absolute needs offsetParent deltas
    if (Element.getStyle(target,'position') == 'absolute') {
      parent = Position.offsetParent(target);
      delta = Position.page(parent);
    }

    // correct by body offsets (fixes Safari)
    if (parent == document.body) {
      delta[0] -= document.body.offsetLeft;
      delta[1] -= document.body.offsetTop;
    }

    // set position
    if(options.setLeft)   target.style.left  = (p[0] - delta[0] + options.offsetLeft) + 'px';
    if(options.setTop)    target.style.top   = (p[1] - delta[1] + options.offsetTop) + 'px';
    if(options.setWidth)  target.style.width = source.offsetWidth + 'px';
    if(options.setHeight) target.style.height = source.offsetHeight + 'px';
  },

//将element的position设置为absolute的模式 
absolutize: function(element) {
    element = $(element);
    if (element.style.position == 'absolute') return;
    Position.prepare();

    var offsets = Position.positionedOffset(element);
    var top     = offsets[1];
    var left    = offsets[0];
    var width   = element.clientWidth;
    var height  = element.clientHeight;

    element._originalLeft   = left - parseFloat(element.style.left  || 0);
    element._originalTop    = top  - parseFloat(element.style.top || 0);
    element._originalWidth  = element.style.width;
    element._originalHeight = element.style.height;

    element.style.position = 'absolute';
    element.style.top    = top + 'px';;
    element.style.left   = left + 'px';;
    element.style.width  = width + 'px';;
    element.style.height = height + 'px';;
  },

//将element的position设置为absolute的模式 
relativize: function(element) {
    element = $(element);
    if (element.style.position == 'relative') return;
    Position.prepare();

    element.style.position = 'relative';
    var top  = parseFloat(element.style.top  || 0) - (element._originalTop || 0);
    var left = parseFloat(element.style.left || 0) - (element._originalLeft || 0);

    element.style.top    = top + 'px';
    element.style.left   = left + 'px';
    element.style.height = element._originalHeight;
    element.style.width  = element._originalWidth;
  }
}

// Safari returns margins on body which is incorrect if the child is absolutely
// positioned.  For performance reasons, redefine Position.cumulativeOffset for
// KHTML/WebKit only.
if (/Konqueror|Safari|KHTML/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
  Position.cumulativeOffset = function(element) {
    var valueT = 0, valueL = 0;
    do {
      valueT += element.offsetTop  || 0;
      valueL += element.offsetLeft || 0;
      if (element.offsetParent == document.body)
        if (Element.getStyle(element, 'position') == 'absolute') break;

      element = element.offsetParent;
    } while (element);

    return [valueL, valueT];
  }
}

终于把Prototype的所有部分都写完了，哈哈，越来越佩服自己的耐力了

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