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微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)
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有朋友公司需求如下，手机通过WIFI连接上网，而老板要求，员工使用手机只能上微信，而不能上其他网页和看在线视频。上网搜索了微信使用协议和端口。

微信通过TCP方式来进行通讯。
TCP通讯方式分析
通讯端口分析
远程通讯端口范围: 80，443，80,443,8080。
HTTP方式分析
在特征分析中，发现微信会采用HTTP协议进行通讯。
连接的主机（Host）（正则表达式）为：^short\.weixin\.qq\.com，^(mmsns|mmbiz)\.qpic\.cn。
TLS方式分析
在特征分析中，发现微信会采用TLS协议进行通讯。
连接的TLS主机（正则表达式）为：^(wx|weixin|res\.wx)\.qq\.com。
这个协议只是用来检测和屏蔽微信的，不能监控聊天记录内容。

来源：笨驴技术

安桌手机，可以用tcpdump进行抓包。。分析！！
初步分析结果：
使用80、8080，登陆和交互。
使用：tcp 14000  端口  SCOTTY High-Speed Filetransferscotty-ft   发送语音文件
TCP: 5222  5223  5228   80  8080   443

来源：http://bbs.51cto.com/thread-1031608-1.html

微信、手机QQ网络行为简析
测试环境：
智能手机一部（打开wifi关闭gprs） —-> Linux wifi 热点 —-> 公网
分析手段：
在linux 上用tcpdump抓包，用wireshark分析抓到的数据
在linux上用iptables阻断特定流量，模拟网络故障，分别模拟了拦截udp 53/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp 14000/tcp全拦截等各种情况以及他们的组合
通过 adb shell在手机内执行netstat了解手机网络链接情况
微信网络行为：
程序启动后，优先尝试DNS解析特定域名（support.weixin.qq.com，short.weixin.qq.com，long.weixin.qq.com，wx.qlogo.cn）;
如果DNS查询不可用，程序转为使用hardcode的ip链接服务；
如果dns可用，返回的ip为根据ISP智能解析的结果，程序使用返回的ip链接服务;
程序仅在注册阶段使用https链接，内容不详;
程序使用tcp 80/8080链接服务器，其中80为http协议，8080为未知协议;
80/8080两个端口同时或任何单独一个，均可提供服务;
80端口为短链接，8080为长链接， 程序会优先使用8080端口;
没有使用udp传输数据;
当1-2次发送失败时，客户端会弹出提示“当前网络状况不好，是否提交反馈数据”，确认后客户端试图通过web提交反馈数据;
手机qq网络行为：
仅列出跟微信不同之处
尝试的域名不同： monitor.uu.qq.com，3gimg.qq.com， msfwifi.3g.qq.com， kiss.3g.qq.com;
除了80/8080外，还有tcp 14000，功能与8080相同;
程序会优先尝试80/8080,只有这两个不可用时，才尝试14000;
其余同微信;

来源：http://noops.me/"color: #ff0000">以下是软件实现方式

微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)

微信协议小结

https://www.jb51.net/article/96811.htm

发布的消息对应一个ID（只要单个方向唯一即可，服务器端可能会根ID判断重复接收），消息重传机制确保有限次的重试，重试失败给予用户提示，发送成功会反馈确认，客户端只有收到确认信息才知道发送成功。发送消息可能不会产生新SyncKey。
基于版本号（SynKey）的状态消息同步机制，增量、有序传输需求水到渠成。长连接通知/短连接获取、确认等，交互方式简单，确保了消息可靠谱、准确无误到达。

客户端/服务器端都会存储消息ID处理记录，避免被重复消费客户端获取最新消息，但未确认，服务器端不会认为该消息被消费掉。下次客户端会重新获取，会查询当前消息是否被处理过。根据一些现象猜测。
总体上看，微信协议跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈现，处理方式可统一），通过“握手”同步，很可靠，无论哪一个平台都可以支持的很好微信协议最小成本为16字节，大部分时间若干个消息包和在一起，批量传输。微信协议说不上最简洁，也不是最节省流量，但是非常成功的。

若服务器检测到一些不确定因素，可能会导致微启用安全套接层SSL协议进行常规的TCP长连接传输。短连接都没有发生变化

发送消息方式

发送消息走已经建立的TCP长连接通道，发送消息到服务器，然后接受确认信息等，产生一次交互。

小伙伴接收到信息阅读也都会收到服务器端通知，产生一次交互等。

可以确定，微信发送消息走TCP长连接方式，因为不对自身状态数据产生影响，应该不交换SyncKey。

在低速网络下，大概会看到消息发送中的提示，属于消息重发机制
网络不好有时客户端会出现发送失败的红色感叹号
已发送到服务器但未收到确认的消息，客户端显示红色感叹号，再次重发，服务器作为重复消息处理，反馈确认
上传图片，会根据图片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被划分为一部分），同一时间点，客户端会发起若干次POST请求，各自上传成功之后，服务器大概会合并成一个完整图片，返回一个缩略图，显示在APP聊天窗口内。APP作为常规的文字消息发送到服务器端上传音频，则单独走TCP通道，一个两秒的录制音频，客户端录制完毕，分为两块传输，一块最大1.5K左右，服务端响应一条数据通知确认收到。共三次数据传输。
音频和纯文字信息一致，都是走TCP长连接，客户端发送，服务器端确认。

微信协议简单调研笔记如下介绍：

前言

微信可调研点很多，这里仅仅从协议角度进行调研，会涉及到微信协议交换、消息收发等。所谓“弱水三千，只取一瓢”吧。

杂七杂八的，有些长，可直接拉到最后看结论好了。

一。微信协议概览

微信传输协议，官方
公布甚少，在微信技术总监所透漏PPT《微信之道—至简》文档中，有所体现。

纯个人理解：

因张小龙做邮箱Foxmail起家，继而又做了QQ Mail等，QQ Mail是国内第一个支持Exchange ActiveSync协议的免费邮箱，基于其从业背景，微信从一开始就采取基于ActiveSync的修改版状态同步协议Sync，也就再自然不过了。

一句话：增量式、按序、可靠的状态同步传输的微信协议。

大致交换简图如下：

微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)

如何获取新数据呢：

服务器端通知，客户端获取

客户端携带最新的SyncKey，发起数据请求

服务器端生成最新的SyncKey连同最新数据发送给客户端

基于版本号机制同步协议，可确保数据增量、有序传输

SyncKey，由服务器端序列号生成器生成，一旦有新消息产生，将会产生最新的SyncKey。类似于版本号

服务器端通知有状态更新，客户端主动获取自从上次更新之后有变动的状态数据，增量式，顺序式。

二。微信Web端简单调试

在线版本微信：

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/

通过Firefox + Firebug组合调试，也能证实了微信大致通过交换SyncKey方式获取新数据的论述。

1. 发起GET长连接检测是否存在新的需要同步的数据

会携带上最新SyncKey

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck"0",selector:"2"}
selector值大于0，表示有新的消息需要同步。

据目测，心跳周期为27秒左右。

2. 一旦有新数据，客户端POST请求主动获取同步的数据

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"s7c/sxpGRSihgZAA"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620943725},{"Key":2,"Val":620943767},{"Key":3,"Val":620943760},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393208365},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393203219}]},"rr":1393208447374}

会携带上最新的SyncKey，会返回复杂结构体JSON内容。

但浏览端收取到消息之后，如何通知服务器端已确认收到了？Web版本微信，没有去做。

在以往使用过程中，曾发现WEB端有丢失消息的现象，但属于偶尔现象。但Android微信客户端（只要登陆连接上来之后）貌似就没有丢失过。

3. 发送消息流程

发起一个POST提交，用于提交用户需要发送的消息

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsendmsg"htmlcode"> 

{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo","Skey":"A6A1ECC6A7DE59DEFF6A05F226AA334DECBA457887B25BC6","DeviceID":"e937227863752975"},"Msg":{"FromUserName":"yongboy","ToUserName":"hehe057854","Type":1,"Content":"hello","ClientMsgId":1393988414380,"LocalID":1393988414380}}

相应内容：

{
"BaseResponse": {
"Ret": 0,
"ErrMsg": ""
}
,
"MsgID": 1020944348,
"LocalID": "1393988414380"
}

再次发起一个POST请求，用于申请最新SyncKey

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync"htmlcode"> 

{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620944310},{"Key":2,"Val":620944346},{"Key":3,"Val":620944344},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393988357},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393930108}]},"rr":1393988414756}

响应的（部分）内容：

"SKey": "8F8C6A03489E85E9FDF727ACB95C93C2CDCE9FB9532FC15B" 

终止GET长连接，使用最新SyncKey再次发起一个新的GET长连接

https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck"color: #ff0000">三。微信Android简单分析

Windows桌面端Android虚拟机中运行最新版微信(5.2)，通过tcpdump/Wireshark组合封包分析，以下为分析结果。

0. 初始连接记录

简单记录微信启动之后请求：

11:20:35 dns查询

dns.weixin.qq.com

返回一组IP地址

11:20:35 DNS查询

long.weixin.qq.com

返回一组IP地址，本次通信中，微信使用了最后一个IP作为TCP长连接的连接地址。

11:20:35

http://dns.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/newgetdns"https://gist.github.com/yongboy/9341884">https://gist.github.com/yongboy/9341884

11:20:35

获取到long.weixin.qq.com最优IP，然后建立到101.227.131.105的TCP长连接

11:21:25
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/getprofile HTTP/1.1  (application/octet-stream)
返回一个名为“micromsgresp.dat”的附件，估计是未阅读的离线消息

11:21:31
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/whatsnews HTTP/1.1  (application/octet-stream)
大概是资讯、订阅更新等

中间进行一些资源请求等，类似于
GET http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7NR4TYFcoNjbxZpfO9aiaE7RU5lXGUw13SMicL6iacWIf2A/96
图片等一些静态资源都会被分配到wx.qlogo.cn域名下面

不明白做什么用途
POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/downloadpackage HTTP/1.1  (application/octet-stream)
输出为micromsgresp.dat文件

11:21:47
GET http://support.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmsupport-bin/reportdevice"http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy">http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1  (application/octet-stream)

1. 心跳频率约为5分钟

上次使用Wireshark分析有误（得出18分钟结论），再次重新分析，心跳频率在5分钟左右。

2. 登陆之后，会建立一个长连接，端口号为8080

简单目测为HTTP，初始以为是双通道HTTP，难道是自定义的用于双通道通信的HTTP协议吗，网络上可见资料都是模棱两可、语焉不详。

具体查看长连接初始数据通信，没有发现任何包含"HTTP"字样的数据，以为是微信自定义的TCP/HTTP通信格式。据分析，用于可能用于获取数据、心跳交换消息等用途吧。这个后面会详谈微信是如何做到的。

2.0 初始消息传输

个人资料、离线未阅读消息部分等通过 POST HTTP短连接单独获取。

2.1 二进制简单分析

抽取微信某次HTTP协议方式通信数据，16进制表示，每两个靠近的数字为一个byte字节：

微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)

2014-03-03_15h07_30

微信协议可能如下：

一个消息包 = 消息头 + 消息体
消息头固定16字节长度，消息包长度定义在消息头前4个字节中。

单纯摘取第0000行为例，共16个字节的头部:

00 00 00 10 00 10 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 0f

16进制表示，每两个紧挨着数字代表一个byte字节。

微信消息包格式： 1. 前4字节表示数据包长度，可变 值为16时，意味着一个仅仅包含头部的完整的数据包（可能表示着预先定义好的业务意义），后面可能还有会别的消息包 2. 2个字节表示头部长度，固定值，0x10 = 16 3. 2个字节表示谢意版本，固定值，0x01 = 1 4. 4个字节操作说明数字，可变 5. 序列号，可变 6. 头部后面紧跟着消息体，非明文，加密形式 7. 一个消息包，最小16 byte字节

通过上图（以及其它数据多次采样）分析：

0000 - 0040为单独的数据包
0050行为下一个数据包的头部，前四个字节值为0xca = 202，表示包含了从0050-0110共202个字节数据
一次数据发送，可能包含若干子数据包
换行符\n，16进制表示为0x0a，在00f0行，包含了两个换行符号
一个数据体换行符号用于更细粒度的业务数据分割 是否蒙对，需要问问做微信协议的同学
所有被标记为HTTP协议通信所发送数据都包含换行符号
2.2 动手试试猜想，模拟微信TCP长连接
开始很不解为什么会出现如此怪异的HTTP双通道长连接请求，难道基于TCP通信，然后做了一些手脚？很常规的TCP长连接，传输数据时(不是所有数据传输)，被wireshark误认为HTTP长连接。这个需要做一个实验证实一下自己想法，设想如下：

写一个Ping-Pong客户端、服务器端程序，然后使用Wireshark看一下结果，是否符合判断。

Java版本的请求端，默认请求8080端口：

<span style="font-size:12px;"><pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * Ping Client</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * @author nieyong</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC5"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="n">com</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">learn</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC6"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC7"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC8"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC9"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC10"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC11"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC12"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC13"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC14"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC15"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC16"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC17"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC18"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC19"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC20"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC21"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC22"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">extends</span> <span class="n">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC23"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ByteBuf</span> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC25"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC26"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">DEFAULT</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">buffer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">22</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC27"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC28"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// weixin 16 byte's header</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC29"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC30"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC31"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC32"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC34"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC35"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC36"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC37"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC38"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC39"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC40"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC41"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC42"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC43"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">6</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC44"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC45"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC46"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC47"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC48"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC49"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC50"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// just for /n</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC51"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'\n'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 1 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC52"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC53"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// footer 16 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC54"> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">welcome</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"hello"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 5 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC55"> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">welcome</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC56"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC57"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC58"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC59"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelActive</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC60"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC61"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC62"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC63"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC64"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelRead</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">Object</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC65"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC66"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">executor</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">schedule</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Runnable</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC67"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC68"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC69"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC70"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC71"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">},</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">SECONDS</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC72"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC73"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC74"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC75"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelReadComplete</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC76"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">flush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC77"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC78"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC79"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC80"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">exceptionCaught</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">Throwable</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC81"> <span class="n">System</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">err</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">println</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"Unexpected exception from downstream :"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC82"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">+</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC83"> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">close</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC84"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC85"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC86"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC87"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC88"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC89"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC90"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC92"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC93"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC94"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC95"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC96"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC97"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC98"> <span class="n">EventLoopGroup</span> <span class="n">group</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC99"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC100"> <span class="n">Bootstrap</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC101"> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">class</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC102"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">option</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">TCP_NODELAY</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kc" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC103"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">handler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="n">ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC104"> <span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC105"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">initChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC106"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC107"> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">pipeline</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">addLast</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC108"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC109"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">});</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC111"> <span class="n">ChannelFuture</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">connect</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC112"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC113"> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">closeFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC114"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">finally</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC115"> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// Shut down the event loop to terminate all threads.</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC116"> <span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">shutdownGracefully</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC117"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC118"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC119"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC120"> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC121"> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC122"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC123"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC124"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">length</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">3</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC125"> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC126"> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">parseInt</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">]);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC127"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC128"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC129"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC130"> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC131"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div></span>

C语言版本的服务器程序，收到什么发送什么，没有任何逻辑，默认绑定8080端口：

<span style="font-size:12px;"><pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * nieyong@youku.com</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * how to compile it:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * gcc pong_server.c -o pong_server /usr/local/lib/libev.a -lm </span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC5"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC6"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <arpa/inet.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC7"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdlib.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC8"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdio.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC9"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <string.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC10"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <fcntl.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC11"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <errno.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC12"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <err.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC13"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <unistd.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC14"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC15"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include "../include/ev.h"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC16"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC17"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC18"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC19"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC20"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC21"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC22"> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC23"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC25"><span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC26"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC27"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">ws</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC28"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC29"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC30"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_GETFL</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC31"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC32"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC34"> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">|=</span> <span class="n">O_NONBLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC35"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_SETFL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC36"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC37"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC38"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC39"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC40"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC41"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">read_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC42"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC43"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC44"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC45"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">revents</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC46"> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC47"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC48"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC49"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_ERROR</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC50"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"error event in read</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC51"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC52"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC53"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC54"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC55"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC56"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"read error</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC57"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC58"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC59"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC60"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC61"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC62"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC63"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"client disconnected.</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC64"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC65"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC66"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC67"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC68"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC69"> <span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC70"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC71"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC72"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">accept_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC73"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC74"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">socklen_t</span> <span class="n">client_len</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC75"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">accept</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_len</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC76"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC77"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client_fd is NULL !</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC78"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC79"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC80"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC81"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC82"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC83"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC84"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set client socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC85"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC86"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC87"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC88"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">read_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC89"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC90"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC92"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC93"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC94"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">getopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"p:"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">!=</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC95"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC96"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">case</span> <span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'p'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC97">  <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">optarg</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC98">  <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">break</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC99"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC100"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC101"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC102"> <span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">ev_default_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC103"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC104"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC105"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">socket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOCK_STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC106"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC107"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC108"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setsockopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOL_SOCKET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SO_REUSEADDR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC109"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"setsockopt failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC111"> <span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC112"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_family</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC113"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">s_addr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">INADDR_ANY</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC114"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">htons</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">server_port</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC115"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC116"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC117"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"bind failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC118"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC119"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC120"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC121"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set server socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC122"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC123"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">accept_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC124"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC125"> <span class="n">ev_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC126"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC127"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC128"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC129"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC130"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC131"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC132"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="nb" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC133"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client is NULL !!!!!!"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC134"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC135"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC136"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC137"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC138"> <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC139"> <span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC140"><span class="p">}</span></div></span>

这里有一个现场图：

微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)

可以尝试稍微改变输出内容，去除换行符“\n”，把端口换成9000，试试看，就会发现Wireshark输出不同的结果来。

2.3 结论是什么呢？

若使用原始TCP进行双向通信，则需要满足以下条件，可以被类似于Wireshark协议拦截器误认为是HTTP长连接：

使用80/8080端口（81/3128/8000经测试无效） 也许8080一般被作为WEB代理服务端口，微信才会享用这个红利吧。
输出的内容中，一定要包含换行字符"\n"
因此，可以定性为微信使用了基于8080端口TCP长连接，一旦数据包中含有换行"\n"符号，就会被Wireshark误认为HTTP协议。可能微信是无心为之吧。

3. 新消息获取方式

TCP长连接接收到服务器通知有新消息需要获取

APP发起一个HTTP POST请求获取新状态消息，会带上当前SyncKey 地址为：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1，看不到明文

APP获取到新的消息，会再次发起一次HTTP POST请求，告诉服务器已确认收到，同时获取最新SyncKey 地址为：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/kvreport，看不到明文

接受一个消息，TCP长连接至少交互两次，客户端发起两次HTTP POST请求 具体每次交互内容是什么，有些模糊
服务器需要支持：状态消息获取标记，状态消息确认收取标记。只有被确认收到，此状态消息才算是被正确消费掉
多个不同设备同一账号同时使用微信，同一个状态消息会会被同时分发到多个设备上

此时消息请求截图如下：

微信端口及协议分析(java、C版)

4. 发送消息方式

发送消息走已经建立的TCP长连接通道，发送消息到服务器，然后接受确认信息等，产生一次交互。

小伙伴接收到信息阅读也都会收到服务器端通知，产生一次交互等。

可以确定，微信发送消息走TCP长连接方式，因为不对自身状态数据产生影响，应该不交换SyncKey。

在低速网络下，大概会看到消息发送中的提示，属于消息重发机制

网络不好有时客户端会出现发送失败的红色感叹号
已发送到服务器但未收到确认的消息，客户端显示红色感叹号，再次重发，服务器作为重复消息处理，反馈确认

上传图片，会根据图片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被划分为一部分），同一时间点，客户端会发起若干次POST请求，各自上传成功之后，服务器大概会合并成一个完整图片，返回一个缩略图，显示在APP聊天窗口内。APP作为常规的文字消息发送到服务器端上传音频，则单独走TCP通道，一个两秒的录制音频，客户端录制完毕，分为两块传输，一块最大1.5K左右，服务端响应一条数据通知确认收到。共三次数据传输。音频和纯文字信息一致，都是走TCP长连接，客户端发送，服务器端确认。

四。微信协议小结

发布的消息对应一个ID（只要单个方向唯一即可，服务器端可能会根ID判断重复接收），消息重传机制确保有限次的重试，重试失败给予用户提示，发送成功会反馈确认，客户端只有收到确认信息才知道发送成功。发送消息可能不会产生新SyncKey。
基于版本号（SynKey）的状态消息同步机制，增量、有序传输需求水到渠成。长连接通知/短连接获取、确认等，交互方式简单，确保了消息可靠谱、准确无误到达。

客户端/服务器端都会存储消息ID处理记录，避免被重复消费客户端获取最新消息，但未确认，服务器端不会认为该消息被消费掉。下次客户端会重新获取，会查询当前消息是否被处理过。根据一些现象猜测。

总体上看，微信协议跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈现，处理方式可统一），通过“握手”同步，很可靠，无论哪一个平台都可以支持的很好微信协议最小成本为16字节，大部分时间若干个消息包和在一起，批量传输。微信协议说不上最简洁，也不是最节省流量，但是非常成功的。

若服务器检测到一些不确定因素，可能会导致微启用安全套接层SSL协议进行常规的TCP长连接传输。短连接都没有发生变化
以上，根据有限资料和数据拦截观察总结得出，啰啰嗦嗦，勉强凑成一篇，会存在一些不正确之处，欢迎给予纠正。在多次

五。附录

Microsoft Exchange Active Sync协议，简称EAS，分为folderrsync(同步文件夹目录，即邮箱内有哪几个文件夹)和sync（每个文件夹内有哪些文档）两部分。

某网友总结的协议一次回话大致示范：

Client:   synckey=0 //第一次key为0
Server:  newsynckey=1235434    //第一次返回新key
Client:   synckey=1235434   //使用新key查询
Server:  newsynckey=1647645,data=*****//第一次查询，得到新key和数据
Client:   synckey=1647645
Server:  newsynckey=5637535,data=null //第二次查询，无新消息
Client:   synckey=5637535
Server: newsynckey=8654542, data=****//第三次查询，增量同步

上页中的相邻请求都是隔固定时间的，如两分钟

客户端每次使用旧key标记自己的状态，服务端每次将新key和增量数据一起返回。

key是递增的，但不要求连续

请求的某个参数决定服务器是否立即返回

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